Bethlehem is located in the Bethlehem District of Palestine at an elevation of 777 meters above sea level. The town sits in the West Bank region and is surrounded by several neighboring communities including Bayt Jala to the west, Bayt Sahur to the east, and Sharafat to the north.
The demographic data reveals significant growth over the twentieth century. In 1922, the population stood at 6,658 residents, increasing slightly to 6,814 by 1931. By 1945, approximately 8,820 people inhabited the town. Post-1948 growth accelerated considerably: the 1961 census recorded 22,453 residents, reaching 29,019 by 2005 and 30,678 in 2007.
According to British Mandate village statistics, Arab landowners controlled 31,030 dunums compared to Jewish ownership of only 208 dunums, with 255 dunums classified as public land. Bethlehem holds profound religious importance as the traditionally recognized birthplace of Jesus Christ. The Church of the Nativity stands as a central landmark, along with the Omar Ibn Al-Khattab Mosque at Manger Square and St. Catherine's Church, reflecting the town's multi-faith heritage.
